There are many different ways of measuring the
Thiele/Small
parameters
of a driver. The methods outlined below provide a way of for the beginning DIYer to
measure these parameters with the minimum of equipment.
Measuring
Re, Fs, Qes, Qms and Qts To measure these parameters using the method outlined below, you'll need to have the
following items:
- One (1) amplifier
- One (1) audiofrequency generator
- One (1) digital multimeter
- One (1) 5 watt resistor (approximately 4 or 8 ohms)
- Two (2) pairs of alligator clip leads
Preferably, the multimeter should be capable of measuring frequency, as well as
voltage, resistance and current. The amplifier should be capable of reproducing 20 Hz to
200 Hz with no variation in output and it should be insensitive to the loads above 4 ohms.
The frequency generator should also produce a signal whose voltage doesn't vary as the
frequency is adjusted.
Method:
- Measure the resistance, Re, across the driver terminals.
- Measure the resistance, Rs, across the resistor.
- Connect the audiofrequency generator to the input terminals for the amplifier
- Connect the multimeter to the speaker terminals of the amplifier
- Set the audiofrequency generator to approximately 100 Hz
- Set the output of the amplifier to Vs, where Vs~0.5V to 1.0V. You may have to
experiment with different voltages, depending on the accuracy of your reading for Im.
- Calculate Is, where Is = Vs/(Re+Rs)
- Connect the following circuit (using the alligator clip leads where necessary)
- Attach one leg of the resistor to the positive speaker terminal on the amplifier
- Attach the other leg of the resistor to the positive terminal on the driver
- Attach the negative terminal of the driver to the negative terminal on the
amplifier
- Attach the multimeter's leads to each side of the resistor
- Adjust the frequency until the voltage across the resistor reaches a minimum
level.
- Measure the frequency, Fs
- Measure the voltage across the resistor, Vm
- Calculate the current, Im = Vm/Rs, flowing through the circuit
- Calculate the driver's impedance at resonance, Rm = (Vs-Vm)/Im
- Calculate the -3db curent, Ir = (Im*Is)^0.5
- Calculate r0=Is/Im
- Calculate the -3dB voltage, Vr = Ir*Rs
- Measure the frequencies, Fl and Fh, for which the voltage across the resistor is
equal to Vr
- Check that (Fl*Fh)^0.5 = Fs
- If the above check out, then Qes, Qms and Qts can be calculated as follows:
Qms = Fs*(r0^0.5)/(Fh-Fl) Qes = (Qms/(r0-1))*(Re/(Rs+Re)) Qts = Qms*Qes/(Qms+Qes)
You can use the following spreadsheet to perform the calculations automatically
for you: TSPARAM.ZIP
Measuring Vas (equivalent air compliance) To measure Vas, use a good solid enclosure of known volume that's about a cube of the
nominal speaker size. Determine the total volume, including the speaker cut-out and that
trapped by the cone with the speaker mounted on the outside of the box for easy access.
Measure the resonant frequency in this situation as well as the free air space resonant
frequency.
where
My thanks to John Straede for providing this method of
measuring the Vas of a driver
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